Some causes include large pupils, light eye color, cataracts, dry eyes, computer vision syndrome, glaucoma, eyestrain and other conditions. Cataract surgery has risks, but most people do not experience complications, and it's often done as outpatient surgery. Some of the common symptoms of a corneal ulcer include persisting pain, sensitivity to light, blurry vision, a sensation of something getting stuck in the eyes. By supporting eye health you can reduce eye strain, strengthen the eye structures, and have a fighting chance against photophobia symptoms. J Athl Train. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: This occurs when you have bleeding between your brain and the surrounding tissue. Products sold on 1MD.org are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. If you have any unusual vision symptoms, speak with your ophthalmologist. Related Symptoms & Signs Eye Pain Headache Eye Discharge Inform your doctor of all symptoms, including symptoms that do not appear to have a relationship to your eyes. Light sensitivity (photophobia) can also be a symptom of dry eye. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. I an getting headache in one side. Eye twitches are usually harmless but in rare cases, they can be a sign of a problem with the nervous system. Gluten sensitivity and celiac disease are a common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. Four signs that can indicate a vitamin D deficiency are in the eyes. Comparison of Symptoms of B12 Deficiency & Multiple Sclerosis, American Cancer Society: Vitamin B Complex, Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Healthy Diet, Healthy Eyes, University of Maryland Medical Center: Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin), European Journal of Neurology; "Eye Movement Disorders in Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: Two New Cases and A Review of the Literature"; G. Akdal et al; October 2007. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Vitamin E, an antioxidant, may help protect your eyes against damaging free radicals. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. Age, medications, and environmental factors can contribute to the development of dr eyes. Poor balance. Lack of Vitamin D has been associated with eye diseases like uveitis, macular degeneration, and dry eye. However, maintaining an adequate level of B-2 could help reduce your need for this procedure. What Are the Causes of Involuntary Eye Movement? Help prevent encephalitis by washing your hands frequently. Given the large number of nerves in the eye, it makes sense that B vitamins can contribute to optimal eye health. Epsom salt has been used as a natural remedy for hundreds of years. Staying out of sunlight and keeping the lights dimmed inside can help make photophobia less uncomfortable. Try to avoid the triggers that cause you to have migraine attacks. What Your Eye Gunk Can Tell You About Your Health. Enter Coupon Code: BrightLights at checkout. Here are other possible symptoms of a concussion, per the Mayo Clinic. You can also keep inside lights dimmed as necessary. Triggers of dry eyes include getting older and changes in hormone levels. Light sensitivity, also known as photophobia, is a condition in which your eye gets affected by exposure to bright light. Migraines: It can take place after exposure to bright light, which further causes nausea and headaches. Light sensitivity is a symptom that can happen due to several conditions related to eye and brain diseases. Magnesium-rich foods include brown rice with 60 mg per serving and almonds, providing 78 mg in approximately 23 almonds. Omega-3 fats may also benefit individuals with dry eye disease by helping them produce more tears. Vitamin C and several other nutrients are used in the supplement AREDS, which may benefit those with AMD. Light sensitivity can occur as a result of any number of ailments, but the most common cause is age-related macular degeneration, which causes loss of vision in the center and sides of the visual field. A deficiency of this vitamin can cause redness and cracks in the corner of your mouth and your tongue as well as a skin rash. The main cause of vitamin deficiency is usually not taking healthy food or having imbalance diet. Light touchy eyes might be caused for a number reasons. Why am I very light sensitive in the morning? Some vitamin E-rich options include nuts, seeds, and cooking oils. However, eating a nutrient-dense diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein, and healthy fats will provide you with all the nutrients your eyes and the rest of your body need for optimal health. Although we strive to deliver accurate and up-to-date information, no guarantee to that effect is made. Eye floaters are dots in your field of vision, and theyre usually harmless. . Your healthcare provider will examine the light-sensing cells (photoreceptors) in your retinas. Keeping your eyes closed or covering them with dark, tinted glasses can also provide relief. Supplements may be beneficial if you suspect youre missing any of these vitamins in your diet. Teas have been used as a natural remedy to soothe stomach upset for thousands of years. Here are seven warning signs associated with vitamin B-12 deficiency. Your healthcare provider can diagnose vitamin A deficiency based on your symptoms and a blood test. Viteyes Blue Light Glasses (Kids & Adults). As little as 6 mg of lutein and zeaxanthin may yield benefits, and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables naturally provides this amount. Supplements have also been proposed as a way to treat diabetic retinopathy. Lyc-O-Mato: This has been proven to reduce blood pressure and inflammation in the eye. Here's the problem: "The eye needs to be well-lubricated and have a uniform surface for us to see clearly," Dr. Brissette says. Below are some of the best foods for light sensitive eyes: You can also consider adding a lutein-based supplement to your daily diet. True. Enter code SHIP1MD at checkout. Both are found naturally in the retina of the eye. For individuals at any age with symptoms of or at risk for eye disease, the Academy recommends that individuals see their ophthalmologist to determine how frequently their eye should be examined. Vitamin B2 deficiency is a significant risk when diet is poor, because the human body excretes the vitamin continuously, so it is not stored. "Similar to corneal abrasions and uveitis, infections cause inflammation, which leads to light sensitivity," Dr. Brissette says. Bacterial meningitis is more dangerous and can be fatal if not treated with antibiotics. Im talking oatmeal baths for chicken pox and yes a little bit of your urine in your infected eye. They say it is also important to note that in many cases, a Vitamin B12 deficiency can be prevented. You should not start taking a vitamin supplement without first consulting your doctor. Eye pain, or ophthalmalgia, is a common symptom of eye disease. People who have conditions such as Sjogren's syndrome and Parkinson's disease may have increased risk of dry eye disease. Photophobia is a common symptom of migraine. Uveitis refers to a group of inflammatory diseases that generates swelling and damages eye tissues, according to the NEI. This causes pain and sensitivity to light, and it will feel like you constantly have something in your eye. Results may vary. Your eye naturally releases tears to cry, to flush any irritants out, and to soothe the eye. Dizziness . As it is a potent brain compound, its deficiency would naturally affect the healthy functioning of our central nervous system. Mult Scler Relat Disord. She worked as a certified ophthalmic technician for 10 years before returning to school to earn a Masters of Fine Arts degree in writing. These little eye cuts may be caused by contact with dust, dirt, sand, wood shavings, metal particles or contact lenses, according to the Mayo Clinic. Though a variety of different factors cause these conditions, nutrition seems to have an influence on all of them at least in part. Light sensitivity can be resolved, but the underlying cause needs to be discovered first. Detecting eye problems that appear as symptoms is the best and the most commonly-preferred way to diagnose Vitamin A deficiency. One of the most common symptoms of uveitis is photophobia, Dr. Brissette says. My grandma is old school. Vitamin C can regenerate Vitamin E at the cell membrane. Available from: Photophobia (Light sensitivity): causes, symptoms & treatment [Internet]. Fix it: Keep in mind that signs of a concussion may not surface until hours or days after an injury. Dry eye: When our tear glands are unable to produce enough tears or produce poor-quality tears, you have a condition known as dry eyes. Cataracts: It can affect the vision of the eyes by causing a cloudy appearance. This is a fatal condition. Others rely on virtual try-ons and at-home trials. Available from: The 7 best vitamins for eye health [Internet]. Prevent conjunctivitis by practicing good hygiene, not touching your eyes, and not sharing eye makeup. Fix it: While uncomfortable, pink eye usually runs its course in two to three weeks. When this happens, the brain swells, and pressure increases within the head. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. Take vitamins and eat foods that contain antioxidants; for example, light sensitivity is sometimes a sign of a vitamin A deficiency. Talk to your doctor if youre experiencing severe photophobia or for more suggestions to reduce your symptoms. Photophobia typically causes a need to squint and close the eyes and it is often accompanied by headache or nausea. Color vision is possible due to photoreceptors in the retina of the eye known as cones. Your email address will not be published. Overall, more research on the potential link between niacin and glaucoma is needed. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. However, more research is needed as some studies show no association between vitamin E and this condition (11). 2018 Dec;21(8):727-734. doi:10.1111/ner.12742. Here are the 15 best vitamin brands to help. Riboflavin/vitamin B2 deficiency can also affect vision, including blurred vision and itching, watering, sore, or bloodshot eyes, as well eyes becoming light-sensitive and easily fatigued. The most common cause of sensitivity to light is dry eye. Light sensitivity is caused by a number of conditions that affect the eye (such as iritis, uveitis, and keratitis ), as well as conditions that affect the entire body. Sometimes people with uveitis also have underlying inflammation elsewhere in the body caused by autoimmune conditions like lupus, Dr. Brissette says. Double vision, or diplopia, is a condition that causes you to see two images instead of one. Get your query answered 24*7 only on | Practo Consult . 2 points . In addition to the intolerance of light, some of the symptoms that are associated with light sensitivity are1: Light sensitivity is a symptom that can be caused due to several conditions that involve problems with the eyes and the brain: Vitamins that are beneficial for the health of the eyes are:3. Light sensitivity can range from severe to mild cases, making many light sources uncomfortable. Night blindness is generally a symptom of an underlying ocular condition that involves the health of the retina, though it can also result from severe or worsening myopia, or a vitamin A deficiency.. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common causes of night blindness. A randomized, controlled study found potential benefits of lutein for people with cataracts. LIVESTRONG.com may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. These include: Encephalitis occurs when your brain is inflamed from a viral infection or other cause. Eat more dark green vegetables such as spinach and collards, which are high in lutein and zeaxanthin. The antioxidant protection of this ingredient also reduces the risk of macular degeneration or can slow its progression. For instance, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, allergy medications, antibiotics, acne medications and diuretic drugs can contribute to light-induced sensitivity, according to the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB). Light Sensitive Eyes Vitamin Deficiency - https://my.klarity.health/light-sensitive-eyes-vitamin-deficiency/ #klarityexpert #klarityhealth #health #eyes Kate Beck started writing for online publications in 2005. Cataracts are the most common eye condition in the United States. Magnesium-rich foods include brown rice with 60 mg per serving and almonds, providing 78 mg in approximately 23 almonds. This condition may occur as a result of an eye condition, such as an eye infection. An insufficient amount of vitamin A in the body affects the production of . In rare instances, a deficiency in vitamin B-12 might also result in eye movement disorders. This will help your doctor determine the cause of your photophobia 1. Dr. Brissette puts it this way: The pigments in the eye help absorb wavelengths of light, so people with reduced pigmentation will experience issues with light absorption and thus have increased sensitivity to bright light. Comprehensive health guides of symptoms and disorders, helpful ingredients and recipes. Here, we discuss the most common reasons for photophobia and what you can do to manage your light sensitivity. Supplementing with good quality eye vitamins has been found useful in reducing photophobia. Successful treatment depends on diagnosing the cause. As a result, the eye is protected from oxidative stress that can cause light sensitivity. Sign up for Subscription and forget coupon clipping. Lutein and zeaxanthin are part of the carotenoid family, a group of beneficial compounds synthesized by plants. Other symptoms include itching, redness, and eye pain. If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, please see the Classic AREDS 2 Companion Multivitamin Beta-Carotene Free. To increase omega-3 fatty acids in your diet, include rich sources such as fish, flaxseed, chia seeds, soy, and nuts. Headaches, neck stiffness, and light sensitivity are common symptoms. Vitamin A: Vitamin A is an essential nutrient for eye health and produces retinal pigments that are required to maintain the eyes hydration. Some people are only bothered by bright lights but in extreme cases, any source of light can agonizing. Taking breaks from your screen may also help prevent or ease symptoms of dry eye, according to the AAO. A number of conditions can cause light sensitivity, ranging from mild to severe. Vitamin A deficiency; Symptoms of night blindness, or nyctalopia, can include other physical symptoms, which may indicate a more severe underlying cause of night vision issues. Symptoms of Riboflavin Deficiency start out with feeling as if you have sand or a little piece of dirt on the inside of your eyelids. Light sensitivity, or photophobia, is a condition in which bright lights hurt your eyes. Common medications known to cause photophobia include antibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline, antiviral drugs such as iodxuridine and trifluridine, motion sickness drugs such as scopolamine, diabetic drugs such as chlorpropamide and glyburide, and any medications that dilute the pupil. Some eye conditions cannot be cured, but these natural options can protect your eyes from further damage. On average, the typical adult needs between 310 and 420 mg of magnesium each day. They may also ask questions about the frequency and severity of your symptoms to determine the cause. This condition can range from mild to severe. Red Eyes and Blood Pressure: What's the Link? The combination of vitamins B6, B9, and B12 may help reduce your risk of developing AMD by lowering your homocysteine levels. Dry eye or a scratch on your cornea may be to blame if your eyes are sensitive to light. Particular groups may be especially susceptible to riboflavin deficiency, including the elderly, the chronically ill and alcoholics. Most light-sensitive people are only bothered by bright lights, whether it be sunlight or harsh indoor lighting. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may help prevent diabetic retinopathy when included in your diet. Just don't wear them inside. Others are more serious health conditions that require immediate medical attention. Viral meningitis is more common and clears up on its own. Soon there will be sensitivity to light and then changes in the cornea and eventually cataracts. This can lead to a serious condition called a corneal ulcer if the cornea becomes infected. Some have retail stores you can also shop in. True. Give your house a good . People with light sensitivity, . Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. For a dozen years after my initial retinopathy diagnosis, my condition was considered very mild and didnt require any attention beyond the best-possible blood sugar management. This best sunglasses roundup covers styles and features for men. Eye drops and over-the-counter artificial tears can keep them lubricated and tone down the pain of light. Copyright Improve Eyesight HQ 2012 - 2020 All rights reserved. Light sensitivity is commonly associated with these brain-related conditions. Physician-formulated supplements that deliver real, powerful results. Light sensitivity: causes and conditions associated with brain and eyes [Internet]. Am I blind soon? The protect this area from oxidative stress. The claims on this website have not been clinically proven or evaluated by the FDA. Laser Eye Surgery For Different Conditions. Encephalitis: It is associated with the inflammation of the brain tissues due to viral infection and autoimmune reactions. However, there is no evidence that consuming foods naturally high in niacin has any adverse effects. A mild B12 deficiency can typically be fixed with a standard multivitamin. Fix it: If your dry eye symptoms are mild, over-the-counter eye drops, moisturizing gels and ointments may be enough to bring relief. She can test your blood and evaluate your symptoms. light-sensitive vitamins - nutrition - 2023 adrenal health alcohol and alcohol alimony allergies anatomy andrology anthropometry anti-nutrients autoimmune diseases baby's health beauty beauty products biology blood analysis blood health blood pressure body building bone health bowel health cardiovascular diseases cereals and derivatives cholesterol False 65) A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia. Per the NEI, other symptoms of uveitis may include: Fix it: If you're experiencing these symptoms, see an ophthalmologist immediately, as uveitis may lead to severe vision loss when left untreated, per the NEI. This adjustment is thanks to rhodopsin, which is a light-sensitive pigment in the retina of your eyes that helps you see in dim light. For example, riboflavin (B2) helps with antioxidant activity and cellular repair, while B6 aids in red blood cell production and reduces homocysteine 5, which can lead to long-term eye health issues, says Gioia. Observational studies suggest that this vitamin may protect against cataracts and help prevent the progression of AMD. Light sensitive eyes can be caused for a variety of reasons. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. All Felix Gray eyeglasses come with lenses that are blue light filtering. Thyroid condition Diabetes Dry eye syndrome makes the cornea more sensitive to light and in severe cases can damage the cornea. . Dry eye syndrome, for example, regularly results in headaches and can lead to light-sensitive reactions in as much as 75% of people with the conditiondue to a multitude of factors that are impairing pathways from the eye to the brain. Bright lights might only make you squint, or they can cause considerable pain. These movements might range from up and down, side to side or circular wobbling, and the person with the deficiency cannot control these motions. Besides helping form the cells of your eye, omega-3 fats have anti-inflammatory properties, which may play a role in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy. In addition to squinting, you may also experience: Headaches Nausea Blurred vision Dizziness Pain in or around the eye. In addition, thiamine is often added to foods like breakfast cereals, bread, and pasta (42). Light sensitivity, also known as photophobia, is a condition that causes eye discomfort during exposure to bright lights or glare 12. Light sensitivity. Light sensitivity is a common symptom of several eye conditions. Theyre sometimes a A cloudy eye lens can significantly impair vision, which can affect quality of life. Many vitamins and nutrients help support your eye function. Here are eight to consider and what to know for healthy eyes and less eye strain. In addition to these symptoms, a migraine may also result in sensitivity to noise and light. Vitamin deficiency affects your face the most and is easily visible in form of pale skin, swollen eyes and crack at the corner of your mouth. These nutrients play an important part in the regulation of chemical processes, such as converting food into energy. Some examples include oats, milk, yogurt, beef, and fortified cereals (23). It can be fatal or lead to brain damage or a stroke. Furthermore, 1MD.org makes no warranty or representation, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or sufficiency of the information contributed by outside sources, and assumes no responsibility or liability regarding the use of such information. If the rash is eczematous, it is a photodermatitis. 2021 [cited 2022 Sep 9]. Encephalitis: Viral infections and autoimmune diseases can cause brain tissue to become inflamed. Use code: SUBSCRIBE10, ViteyesFebruary 5, 2018Eye Health, Nutrition. Light sensitivity is a common symptom of several conditions related to the brain and eyes, and theyre mostly associated with migraines. This occurs to an enormous magnitude, increasing light sensitivity by up to 100,000 times its sensitivity in normal daylight conditions. An aura will often affect your side vision, appearing as flashing lights or patterns. Diets high in riboflavin have been associated with a reduced risk of developing cataracts. As an antioxidant, riboflavin has the potential to reduce oxidative stress in your body, including your eyes (22). Nutritional deficiencies, especially in lutein, zeaxanthin and vitamin A may also cause light sensitivity. Eat more cheese and almonds as they contain riboflavin which has been found to be helpful in migraines, where photophobia is often a symptom. It's important to remember that many people do not know they have eye disease because there are often no warning signs or symptoms, or they assume that poor sight is a natural part of growing older. "In fact, there are hundreds of times more pain receptors in our cornea than there are in our skin," she says. If you have a deficiency in certain B vitamins, this could result in eye problems. Artificial tears can lubricate the surface of your eyes and help keep them more comfortable, Dr. Brissette says. Other symptoms include throbbing in one part of your head, nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, a corneal abrasion often causes inflammation in the eye, which can also create light sensitivity, Dr. Brissette says. Many migraine sufferers stay in dark, quiet rooms until the migraine passes. The type of treatment you need will depend on the underlying cause. For general eye health, vitamin-A-rich foods are recommended over supplements. Conjunctivitis: It is characterised by inflammation of the eyes, in which eyes develop a pink hue due to infection or allergy, leading to irritation with little exposure to light. Supplementing with good quality eye vitamins has been found useful in reducing photophobia. Dollars. Its a common symptom thats associated with several different conditions, ranging from minor irritations to serious medical emergencies. Knowing the B nutrient deficiencies that can cause eye problems will help you discuss these changes with your doctor. Luteinis one of the most important eye nutrients. Haemorrhage: In this condition, bleeding occurs inside the brain due to any head injury, trauma, or accident. Diagnosis of Vitamin A deficiency. Many drugs alter our nervous system which causes the pupil to become larger and allows additional light into the eye. Each has its own benefits, and together, this mixture can reduce the severity of symptoms associated with cataracts and glaucoma. Some studies suggest that diets high in vitamin A may be associated with a reduced risk of cataracts and AMD (3, 4, 5, 6). Oregon State University: Linus Pauling Institute: Magnesium, All About Vision: Photophobia (Light Sensitivity), University of Maryland Medical Center: Migraine Headache, Clark J, Hasselfeld K, Bigsby K, Divine J. Vitamin E: Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant for the protection of the eyes from a condition such as cataracts. Dry eyes could be a sign of vitamin D deficiency. Deficiencies can occur in diseases that inhibit small intestine absorption. National Library of Medicines list You may have light sensitivity or photophobia, a common and usually benign symptom that causes slight and momentary discomfort. Chalazion. Beck is currently putting the finishing touches on a novel. of signs you need emergency medical attention or call 911. Its mostly caused by viruses, but it can also be caused by bacteria and allergies. Board-certified doctors, who spend time working in the field and shaping the future of medicine. As a result, the risk of eye disease is reduced, and light sensitivity can be treated. They can be triggered by foods, stress, or hormone changes. Our Subscription customers are always in the front of the line, so when our stock is low, your favorite products are prioritized for shipment, automatically. There are many places to buy glasses online. Bacterial Keratitis. Looking for blue-light-filtering glasses for kids? Lutein is known to protect the macula by reducing the amount of harmful light that makes it to the structure. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant that helps protect your cells including your eye cells from damage by free radicals, which are harmful, unstable molecules (9). Get ophthalmologist-reviewed tips and information about eye health and preserving your vision. the blood vessels in the eye are blocked. Vitamin A is an essential component of rhodopsin. Consult your doctor immediately if youre experiencing severe light sensitivity. Light sensitivity is a common symptom of cataracts, and harsh lights can be extremely painful. Your doctor can perform blood tests to determine how much magnesium you have in your blood, and this will allow her to diagnose your condition. Many of the symptoms associated with light sensitivity and dry eye syndrome are also connected, as people suffering from dry eyes generally experience: red or discolored eyes eyelids that stick together feelings of soreness and pain that get gradually worse blurred or impaired vision The claims on this website have not been clinically proven or evaluated by the FDA. The information provided in content sections, customer reviews and testimonials is intended for educational purposes only. Its possibly effective at reducing the risk of cataracts (43, 44). Corneal abrasion (scratch): First aid. 3 Advertisements RDA: 1.3 mg for men and 1.1 mg for women 4 Sources Of Vitamin B2 Or Riboflavin Advertisements Mental illness: Some mental health diseases can also cause light sensitivity. Researchers have also studied several B vitamins for their impact on eye health, particularly vitamins B6, B9, and B12. The Ultimate Guide to Understanding Supplement Ingredients, Low Vision Awareness Month: Tips for Protecting Your Vision, The Benefits of Omega-3s: Why You Need Them, Winter Wellness: Tips for Staying Healthy Indoors, How to Protect Against Occasional Dry Eye. Night blindness is the difficulty for the eyes to adjust to dim light. Your doctor will perform a physical examination as well as an eye exam. Improve Eyesight HQ is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to ImproveEyesightHQ.com. They can reduce symptoms like light sensitivity and pain. Enjoy free shipping today! It results in your eyes being excessively dry. Or for those with extreme light sensitivity adding light switches with dimmers in your home or tinting your car windows. 1. Like vitamin E, vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that may protect your eyes against damaging free radicals (14). Nonetheless, supplements may not be necessary. May Feel Pain Differently People with red hair appear to have altered pain perceptions and sensitivity to . Research suggests that certain vitamins and nutrients may help prevent or slow the progression of several different eye conditions. In particular, scientists are studying riboflavins potential to prevent cataracts, as prolonged riboflavin deficiency may lead to this condition. This structurethe tapetum lucidumreflects light not absorbed by the retina during its first passage through the eye, thus giving the light a second chance to be absorbed and transmitted to the brain. These include: A corneal abrasion is an injury to the cornea, the outermost layer of the eye. It is fairly common and occurs in all ages, young and old. Another study found that regular vitamin C supplements may reduce the risk of cataracts by 45% (18). Required fields are marked *. And the shape of circle isnt tat circle . Does a Magnesium Deficiency Cause Eye Twitching? Light sensitivity is commonly associated with a few serious conditions that affect the brain. A clinical study in women demonstrated a 34% reduced risk of developing AMD while taking 1,000 mcg of vitamin B12 along with vitamins B6 and B9 (21).
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